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Manufacturing processes across industries has undergone a sea change thanks to the advent of sophisticated technologies like Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). CAM is a system which uses computer technology to assist in the manufacturing of products.
Using CAM industries have become highly automated. Modern day concepts like robotics being used in manufacturing process owe their origin to CAM. CAM enables a high degree of precision to be achieved, which is humanly impossible.
Certain sophisticated CAM systems can keep track of even the materials and automate the entire ordering process, apart from aiding such tasks as tool replacement. CAM is generally linked to CAD systems. The integrated system usually takes the computer generated design and feeds it into the manufacturing process. The entire system works under a multiple computer controlled environment, with specific computers being assigned for specific jobs for instance, like milling or drilling.
The use of CAD CAM also enables the production of custom designed products to suit particular client requirements. CAD CAM technology is the most preferred process for manufacturing customized products, because it is a relatively cheaper process and less time consuming process rather than doing the same manually.
CAD CAM software has literally changed the way tasks are done in factories, with increasing numbers of robotic arms and machines being used in factories. These machines are usually assigned to do repetitive tasks, which require a high degree of precision. A good CAD CAM system results in decreasing production costs and over heads for a manufacturing unit. It is also a cost-cutting tool, which ultimately results in increased profits to a factory. CAD CAM software is extensively used in a wide variety of manufacturing industries. They touch every facet of our lives, without us being aware of it, most of the times. Such is their impact that newer product designs and production processes keep springing up every day.
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The reverse engineering software is used to create complete CAD (Computer Aided Designs) models directly from the scanned data. There are various reverse engineering software available which facilitate the users to generate complex parametric models from the scanned data with ease. These software have a set of featured tools designed specifically to address the unique requirements of reverse engineering, ensuring that the finished redesigned model is built within user-defined requirements. These software include:-
Rapidform XOR2
It is used for designing parametric CAD models from 3D (Dimensional) scan data. It is used to create fully editable solid & surface models directly from 3D scan data. This scanned data can be opened in SolidWorks, Pro/E and Unigraphics NX with complete feature tree data intact (with CATIA V5 interfaces on the way). Rapidform XOR2 also offers quick auto-surfacing for converting polygon mesh models into NURBS surface models.
Geomagic Studio 10
It provides the industries easiest and most instinctive interface to generate NURBS (Non-uniform rational B-spline) models from the scanned data. The advantage of using the software is that it generates CAD data of free form shapes and non parametric models. It also provides quick conversion of scanned data to CAD. It is versatile in nature and is user friendly.
Metris Focus
It allows the artists to convert the scanned physical models into CAD models & digital forms. It provides Real-time update of mesh, curves or surfaces while modification is done. It also has advance feature detection tools. It provides the creation of curves over the missing data.
The advantages of these Reverse Engineering Software can be taken to provide highly finished design models.
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Throughout the entirety of my career as an Architect there's a few important things that I've learner that could definitely be beneficial to those just starting in the field. When I was young my Father taught Architecture and pushed his learning on to me. Instead of producing his designs with CAD software or Computer Aided Design he was strictly familiar with the old way of using pencil and paper on a drafting board. Regardless of the process, Architecture has to follow certain rules and criteria which are uniform no matter what type of structure your creating.
One of the most important tips to designing a home is to start with the exterior of the house. A rule of thumb is to make sure all your exterior walls fall on a four foot increment. The reason behind this is that when building the home the materials used usually fall on four foot sections which allows saving material and time spent on the instillation. Concrete block follows this rule as will as 2X4 framing. Think about it, studs fall every 16" on center and when you multiply that times three it equals four foot exactly. Sheets of drywall, and sheets of plywood are also manufactured at four foot intervals.
One of the most important aspects of Architectural design for residential and commercial buildings is creating a livable, and functional floor plan. This means providing enough space between walls, doors, and having enough room throughout the main traffic areas within the house or building. This is something you want to be careful about when planning the position of rooms, restrooms, kitchen and dining areas. Try to keep the distance between hallways at a minimum of four foot, and if you can make more room do it because no one wants to be crowded in their own home. Remember spacious areas are comfortable areas.
In the process of designing Architectural plans there are numerous things you want to keep in mind. CAD software has made this process much more easy than in the days of the drafting tables and it allows the manipulation of several different components like windows, walls, and doors. The dimensions to these components can be edited at almost any time and makes the process of design quite easy. For example the height at which a window starts, it's width, and height can be adjusted throughout any part of the design in case adjustments need to be made. The same goes for the rest of the architectural design which saves the Architect from having to start the entire design process over. If you would like to learn more about CAD and architectural design feel free to visit my website at http://www.elinedesign.com for all your architecture and engineering needs.
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Construction project management is a demanding job, even for experienced managers. The nature of these projects is often unique, and requires effective, proven software to handle all aspects. Construction software needs to be a do-anything, fully integrated package.
Project management needs
Software needs are defined by the nature of the project. In some cases the combination of tasks for project management is extensive, and that's where possible problems arise with project software.
Anyone who's ever tried "mix and match" with professional software will know that sometimes it's a real horror story:
Big documents may not even load.
Some software really can't handle the huge data loads that construction projects naturally generate. They're not designed for it, and can actually lose data in the process.
Document quality with off-the-shelf software can be mediocre, and need to be reformatted. That creates more work, per document, than can possibly be justified.
Trying to work with 3D CAD specifications that won't run on some software is a real trial of patience. It can also waste a lot of time.
Doing reports using multiple forms of software is likely to be a nightmare at best. It's an incredibly slow, counterproductive process.
An integrated construction project management software solution is the only reliable approach. All such software is designed to work together.
Covering all the angles- The 360 degree approach
Construction project management software can be customized and configured to the needs of a project. That's invaluable, in terms of efficiently setting up things like administration, accounts, and other software.
Special project needs can be tailored into a package. This is particularly useful for project managers who may have multiple roles in their own jobs, and need to cover several operational bases with their information systems.
Construction project management
For project managers, access to information at all levels is essential. The software involves a continuous data stream of often complex professional information.
The data stream may include use of:
Construction software
3D software
3D modeling
Engineering drawing
Drafting software
Architectural drafting
Construction planning software
Site management software
Add to this administration systems, reporting, and accounts, and you can see why purpose-built, high quality software is the only real option.
Cost effective project management with software
Integrated project management software provides an ongoing cost saving across the spectrum of operational and administrative functions of construction projects. The integrated system dramatically improves workflow volumes. There are no "technical issues" obstructing performance.
Support and backups when you need them
Construction software experts can answer all your question in one consultation. They also provide support and experienced professional advice to optimize and enhance project management systems.
Top quality software is developed using the feedback of construction professionals. Downtime with these proven systems is therefore practically non-existent. If there are problems, however, your supplier acts as a backup, and remediation starts immediately
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So, you have decided that you need to get CAD software for yourself or for your business. Or, maybe you realized that the software you currently use does not cut it. With dozens of software packages available and prices from $50 (and sometimes free) to over $10,000, what would your next software be?
The first thing you need to do is set up a list of the objectives you need to accomplish with the software. The most logical strategy would be using a workflow to narrow your choices and provide weights to the categories based on their importance to your business.
Industry
You may need software that is suitable for multiple industries, but you will probably use it for one main industry while supporting others. For example, your main industry or focus is mechanical design but you may still need to interact with thermal, fluid or electric simulators. You may design machines and then need to provide a conceptual environment design of how they will be positioned on shop floor plan and in addition use piping modeling to connect to HVAC systems.
Some industry sectors include:
Mechanical
Electronic
Architecture
Fluid dynamics
Piping
Etc.
Geometry type
Even though 3D is common almost everywhere, 2D is still the most widely used. Your choices will probably be:
2D (drawings, floor plans, schematics)
3D (Wireframe, Surfaces, Solids)
2D/3D
File format (or who you are going to interact and exchange data with)
Almost every software has its own unique native file format. In addition, each software usually comes with some translators to convert from their proprietary file format to others or vice versa, either directly or using a standard translator (IGES, STEP). There are some de-facto standards that many software packages support, including DWG, ACIS and Parasolid. Some of the requirements would be embedding images or PDF files in the design or export them so that they can be used in publishing applications for marketing and training purposes.
Some of the common software are (alphabetically):
ARC+
ArchiCAD
AutoCAD
CATIA
Cimatron
CoCreate
DataCAD
Delcam
ELCAD
EPLAN
Inventor
Ironcad
MicroStation
NX
Pro/Engineer
Revit
Solid Edge
SolidWorks
SpaceClaim
Others...
Some software like CATIA and NX are very rich in functionality and include features and modules that fit very well in multiple industries and excel in each. On the other hand, some software package are very good in what they do, like AutoCAD and SolidWorks and they are used as a platform to 3rd party specialty programs. For example, you may use SolidWorks for your mechanical design needs and purchase ANSYS for your finite element simulations within SolidWorks.
One of the major CAD software is AutoCAD which is widely used by 2D users, primarily for its DWG file format that provides easy collaboration with the huge community of AutoCAD users. You have a choice of purchasing AutoCAD or AutoCAD LT from AutoDESK, Inc. or its distributors, or purchase other software that use DWG as their native format, like ARC+ EXEcutive that is based on the Open Design Alliance's Teigha platform.
Vendor
Some vendors trace back to the 80's while others are new to the market. That does not mean that the new comers are not qualified or that their software is not mature and high quality. In fact, many new software products are the fruits of savvy industry veterans that use their vast experience in previous companies to create new breed of software, like SpaceClaim.
Price
Price is one of the main concerns when CAD software is considered. The cost of ownership is not just the initial purchase price but include other expenses to be considered, like maintenance, support, upgrades, training, etc. If your software was less expensive but you cannot get support when you need it what good was the low cost for you? On the other hand, if you purchase software in reasonable price and then you need to spend big chunk of your budget to keep up with new versions, won't you consider moving to another software with lower cost of ownership?
Summary:
Once you gather all your requirements and research for available candidates, consider a few runner-ups and benchmark or test them for at least 30 days with your real work and data. This means working with live data in parallel to you current software (or manually). In addition calculate the Cost of Ownership to make sure the final choice has the balance of function and cost.
CAD drafting software is used mainly for creating architectural and complex machine designs or blueprints. The software has all the basic features available in commonly used engineering CAD software. The most prominent feature of this type of software is that it allows users to mark different components of a design with different color variations provided with the software.
Some of the most advanced CAD drafting software available in the market can support around sixteen million color variations. A design containing colored elements makes it easier to differentiate different components of a design. This helps in reducing product design time and improves the effectiveness of the designed blueprint.
The graphic interface provided with the software constantly prompts the user to color every new component that is added to the design blueprint. Apart from different color variations, the software also has color pens of different thickness to classify different structural components. Different colors can be programmed to work with different pen sizes to reduce color and pen selection time. The software uses ?what you see is what you get? (WYSIWYG) approach to line width and color systems, which often leads to a situation where each value retains its own independent meaning. According to this logic, line widths are represented directly by pen types, and line colors are simply and directly colors.
CAD drafting software programs use different types of color numbering systems such as RGB (red, green, blue), HSL (hue-saturation-luminance), EGA, DGN, ACI, and CYMK (cyan, yellow, magenta, black). Commonly used drafting software allows users to apply a ?screen? to design components based on layer or level. They are then plotted in a light gray shade, which makes them less conspicuous.
CAD drafting software has helped in eliminating the need for manual design drafting. It has also helped in the design and development of complex machines and architectural structures that use thousands of components.
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~~~ About Autodesk and AutoCAD ~~~
For many years now, the CAD drafting software industry has been dominated by the a single piece of outstanding software: AutoCAD.
AutoCAD is a CAD platform designed by Autodesk, Inc, and arguably the most-used (and most respected) program of its kind. AutoCAD is used to make a computer draw two and three-dimensional technical drawings such as those used in building construction and product manufacturing.
AutoCAD has been steadily evolving over the years to be seamlessly compatible with the rest of the software universe. For instance, in its latest version, drafting team members scattered over the globe can collaborate effortlessly over the Internet.
~~~ AutoCAD and Competition ~~~
In the domain of 2D and 3D drafting, AutoCAD is miles ahead of any competition. Rival programs have less than 50% of its drafting commands. Most importantly, competing platforms hang when file size exceeds a few megabytes, often corrupting the data file in the process.
For many years, Autodesk exploited the technical superiority of AutoCAD by charging in excess of $3,000 for a single-seat license. The product was so good that users are known to have taken bank loans to purchase sufficient licenses.
~~~ Recent Events ~~~
Strange things have happened recently:
(1) Autodesk purchased Alias, a company specialized in, among other things, high-end animation software, 'Maya' being its flagship platform in that area
(2) Autodesk crashed the price of AutoCAD by EIGHTY PERCENT in Asia
(3) AutoCAD has begun downplaying AutoCAD 2D usage in its press releases
~~~ What do These Events Foretell? ~~~
We strongly believe that AutoCAD will lower the priority of its 2D CAD drafting software development. Instead, it will devote more resources to animation software development.
Animation is used by two main market segments: their existing architectural/engineering customer base and the media/entertainment segment.
Our intuition tells us that Autodesk has got the heady scent of cash wafting in from the future, and that the source of the fragrance is the second segment: media/entertainment.
The potential profits from this area are likely to be several times those from the first segment and Autodesk will, in effect, soon be moving from downtown San Francisco to a premium spot in heaven.
~~~ What Does This Imply For the Cad Drafting Marketplace? ~~~
Expect Autodesk to be less and less interested in 2D drafting and to at one point make its sophisticated 2D drafting application, AutoCAD-LT... AVAILABLE FOR FREE.
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Structural steel detailing is the design and drafting of the connections between the steel beams and columns in the massive steel frameworks that form the skeleton of most multi-story buildings in the western hemisphere.
The design of these connections is naturally very critical, since the decoupling of any beams from columns could result in collapse of the steel framework as well as the building, and the consequent deaths of thousands of people.
For that reason there are very exacting standards which are followed for structural steel detailing. These standards are different for every country, and are compiled by recognized industry associations of the concerned country.
Examples of such associations are:
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
Canadian Institute of " " (CISC)
SBI Swedish Institute of " "
EUROFER, the European Confederation of Iron and Steel Industries
African Iron & Steel Association
Arab Iron & Steel Union [AISU]
World Steel Association (formerly IISI)
Brazilian Steel Institute (IBS)
British Constructional Steelwork Association (BCSA)
Iron & Steel Institute of Japan
Korean Iron & Steel Association
Malaysian Structural Steel Association (MSSA)
Norwegian Steel Association
Steel Construction Institute (SCI- UK)
Taiwan Steel and Iron Industry Association (TSIIA)
Japanese Society of Steel Construction
The Steel Construction Institute
The Southern African Institute of Steel Construction
China Steel Construction Society
Structural steel detailing starts after the design of the structural framework has been completed. Using the properties of the steel material in question, the steel detailer calculates the forces acting on the connection he is designing. He then consults design tables to arrive at the specific design details of the connection.
These design details would include the material and dimension of the brackets, nuts and bolts. He expresses these in the form of an erection drawing, which is a drawing that people working on the site follow to assemble the actual connections.
Structural steel detailing typically involves the use of one or more very specialized software programs, such as STAAD, RISA, SAP2000, RAM, PCA, SAFE, SDS/2, Tekla and ETABS. Some of these programs are so sophisticated that one has only to input the steel structure design along with some specific parameters such as material, edge distance and cope criteria, and the program designs the connection automatically with a few clicks.
The erection drawings are usually created with wide-used CAD platforms such as AutoCAD or MicroStation.
Structural steel detailing is clearly an evolved discipline with stringent standards and sophisticated tools at its disposal.
Electrical CAD software is used to integrate electrical systems and designing complex interconnect wiring and harnesses in high technology products such as cars, planes, and trains. Improvements in technology have forced manufacturers to install more electrical components in the same available space to satisfy customer demands. Electrical CAD software allows users to generate different blueprints of electrical systems and select the most appropriate design.
Electrical CAD software is often used in conjunction with mechanical CAD software to integrate electrical systems with mechanical systems in the available space. The software is also used to test electrical design blueprints with the help of advanced simulation tools.
The software allows electrical and mechanical engineers to work concurrently on a design and share design changes. It allows electrical system architects to assess different variations of the electrical layout and combine it with designs provided by mechanical system architects. The software has an electrical design and optimization toolset with an integrated sketching environment that provides seamless integration between different sub systems. The software is developed according to intelligent design rules that support the design automation and configuration of components, as well as the automatic generation of correctly configured wiring schematics and other information.
The software helps in controlling different aspects of wiring design such as interactive design process, physical location of components, and physical routing of wire bundles. It helps in calculating the exact specifications of wire length and wire size for harness manufacturing and ensuring that the wires are correctly sized according to the power they must transmit. This is necessary as using small sized wires will result in overheating and if the wires are too large, it will increase wiring costs.
The software also allows electrical system designers to make design presentations on a computer or other projection systems for getting design approval and making the necessary changes if required.
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Cheap CAD (computer aided design) software is easily available on the Internet in the form of freeware and shareware. These software systems are used for designing mechanical, electrical, and electrical blueprints. They are also used for simulation, drafting, engineering, product analysis and manufacturing.
Cheap CAD software can easily be installed on mainframes, general-purpose workstations, and personal computers. It is compatible with different computer operating systems such as Microsoft windows, UNIX, Solaris, and SunOS. The software enables engineers, architects, and fashion designers to create conceptual drawings for assessment and approval.
Cheap CAD software can be broadly classified into two categories. Basic CAD software that uses two dimensional (2D) imaging is the most commonly used software for drafting services and general-purpose applications. In comparison to these, three dimensional (3D) CAD software is used for high-end applications such as machine shops, product designing, reverse engineering, and complex surfacing. It is the most commonly used software by architects, builders, facility managers, and construction companies. Cheap CAD software also includes specialized products such as CAD file viewers, CAD file converters, CAD file red lining, CAD symbols, and CAD libraries.
Cheap CAD software enables designers to import CAD files, which are required for controlling manufacturing equipment. It is used in mechanical engineering to calculate tool paths and set up machining operations. Tool paths stored in cutter location( CL) format are exported to a postprocessor for conversion to a numerically controlled (NC) program. Many of these programs have text files that incorporate start and stop locations along a grid with X,Y, and Z axis.
Cheap 2D CAD software is used for designing machines such as lathes, routers, lasers, water jets, and plasma tables whereas 3D software is used mostly for designing milling machines. Cheap CAD software can also be used for designing printed circuit board (PCB) and integrated circuit (IC) blueprints.
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