Basic Structural Steel Drawings Useful For Fabrication & Erection

Structural Steel Fabricators that actually prepare the steel structure or building heavily depends on detailed drawings prepared by the steel detailer. The steel detailer produce these drawings using the construction drawings supplied by structural engineer depending on material availability and shop fittings. Below is a brief outline of essential drawings required during structural steel fabrication and erection.

Design Drawings:
These drawings are produced by structural engineers or architects. Design drawings contains all the details required to prepare structural drawings. They provide data on loads, axial forces, moments, and shear forces. It also contain information of each framing member, precise dimensions, location of each beam and column and general notes for reference.

Anchor Bolt Settings:
Anchor bolt plans explain settings of all anchor bolts with regard to the foundations or footings. Typically, the construction of the foundation has nothing to do with steel fabricators job but the masonry plans may contain some items which the steel fabricator need to furnish. They include leveling base plates, anchor bolts, grilles and machinery braces that must be positioned by the masonry person well before the erection of the steel framework. The steel fabricator supply final anchor bolt settings plan to the masonry person to explain he field placement of the anchor bolts.

Column Base Connection Details:
This generally illustrates connections between the steel framing and the foundation. It may contain information like grout thickness dimensions, elevation of base plates and anchor bolt projection, etc.

Detail Drawings:
Detail drawings present details of all connections. It displays the relationship between connected structural members and may contain common assembly and clearance dimensions. Steel Shop drawings are produced from the connection details furnished here.

Shop Drawings:
Steel fabricator uses Shop drawings to fabricate each structural member in steel fabrication shops. Structural steel members are manufactured according to the details and dimensions information furnished in the detail drawings. Standards for shop drawings differ from one fabricator to another but typically all drawings comply with the AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) standards for structural detailing.

Erection Plans:
The structural drafter prepares Erection plans for the steel structure. These drawings contain important information such as the location of each member or sub-assembly in the steel framing, column base connection details, anchor bolt plans, etc.

Bill of Materials (BoM):
Typically, a CAD draftsman prepares the bill of materials listing all structural members of the steel framing separately. The bill of materials is displayed on all shop drawings and contain information such as required material quantity, erection marks, shop and field fasteners, size of connecting plates, etc.

General Notes:
General notes are required on all steel drawings and provides essential information such as type of steel, size of holes, size of bolts, hole patterns, etc required by the fabrication shop.

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Modern Structural Steel Design and Fabrication Practices

Before the invention of 3D CAD modeling and BIM techniques, Structural steel design process was carried out using engineering analysis and design were described in a set of structural framing drawings. Now it is possible to draw these 2D drawings from 3D models which were done previously by manually drafting. Typically 2D drawings are utilized as the construction documents with the fabricator, presenting complete structural information for the building or structure.

The fabricator uses shop drawings and prepares connection details and design calculations using the same 3D model. The detailed model is also used to extract fabrication shop drawings, generate computer numerical control (CNC) data. CNC data helps organize the fabrication process and ensures timely delivery of assemblies to the construction site.

Modern Structural steel design software such as AutoCAD and Tekla provides designer the flexibility to create any number of user-defined elements resulting in accurate geometric data with few errors. To prepare 3D models and drawings the structural designer first determines who the potential data users are, processes involved and data that can best support existing processes. Once it is determined what data is useful to each end user, how the data would be incorporated into the design procedure and what data format is required, the user starts entering the data into the model as and when required.

For Structural steel erection it is important to define a schedule and the desired sequence of construction. In practice the erector determines a region of the structure to construct first and what regions will be used in future. Various factors are involved when you determine the order of erection. Site configuration, crane capacities, crane access to the site, etc drive the order of erection. The fabricator uses an independent material tracking database for this purpose. Data from this database can also be redirected to the 3D model to avail graphical images.

For proper execution of fabrication and erection work, shop and erection drawings are released to the fabricator in a defined sequence. All the elements of shop drawings are assigned a unique number for easy recognition. By decoding the shop drawing number, all elements required for erection can be quickly identified resulting in savings in time.

For any queries related to Structural steel design and fabrication services email us at info@outsourcestructuraldesign.com

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